This is a short, true and heartrending story. It is a tale of ignorance and misguided priorities.
The story unfolds every year, every year, right before our collective eyes. It is narrated by some 80,000 Egyptians who pilgrim annually for Hajj to Mecca; and approximately one million more Egyptians who pilgrim there throughout the year for Umrah.
The annual cost of this Hajj and Umrah is nearly a quarter of a billion dollars. These Egyptian Muslims see nothing amiss in spending this kind of money, while their beloved country
- more than two million children in the streets,
- more than 20 million living in slums,
- more than 40% of the population below the poverty line,
- more than six million street vendors, peddling basic food/drink items, and other simple merchandise just to get by day to day,
- more than 30% of households supported by women working in low-paid menial jobs,
- more than a third of households live in an apartment with one bedroom,
- millions of beggars and panhandlers filling the streets throughout the year, particularly during holidays and special events, and
- millions of young people unable to get married or find a decent job.
A puzzling story indeed, one that defies logic and compassion, one that defines the meaning of life in a strange and dark way. The plot of this ongoing saga urgently requires a drastic change, otherwise the gross inequality in standard of living among Egyptians will endure in perpetuity, ensuring the continued disregard of the battle cry behind the so-called Arab Spring: "food, freedom, social justice and dignity."
It is no wonder that many in the know, including the current front runner to be the next President of Egypt, Field Marshall Abd ElFattah El-Sisi (see link and article below), are calling for Islamic reformation; and yours truly will add: an overhaul of Egypt's spiritual and cultural values.
Some may say that this is a spurious argument, since the money spent on Mecca would never go to address these problems. True. However, in a progressive democracy, one with competent and minimally-corrupt government and where the rule of law reigns strong, tax money would be directed toward these issues.
Hussein
Egypt's El-Sisi Boldly Calls For Islamic Reformation
Islam, said El-Sisi needs a modern understanding and should not rely on a discourse that has not changed for 800 years.
- General El-Sisi, the commander of the Egyptian Armed Forces and current head of state, is essentially calling for a reformation in Islam. His bold declaration comes as the Egyptian people approved a constitution in a vote that the Muslim Brotherhood boycotted.
The speech, which went unnoticed in the Western media, took place at the Armed Forces’ Department of Moral Affairs. In the speech, El-Sisi said:
“Religious discourse is the greatest battle and challenge facing the Egyptian people, pointing to the need for a new vision and a modern, comprehensive understanding of the religion of Islam—rather than relying on a discourse that has not changed for 800 years.”
Notice what El-Sisi did not say. He did not say Zionism or Western oppression is the greatest threat to Egypt, nor did he point to a specific group like Al-Qaeda or the Muslim Brotherhood. He accurately framed the struggle as an ideological one within Islam.
When he refers to the “discourse that has not changed for 800 years,” he’s referring to when the most qualified Islamic scholars of that time ruled that all questions about interpretation had been settled. The “gates” of ijtihad, the independent interpretation of Islam, ended by the year 1258. He wants the “gates” reopened, allowing for the critical examination that an Islamic reformation needs.
Elsewhere in the speech, Sisi “called on all who follow the true Islam to improve the image of this religion in front of the world, after Islam has been for decades convicted of violence and destruction around the world, due to the crimes falsely committed in the name of Islam.”
This is another important declaration. He attributes Islamic extremism to this lack of discourse. He doesn’t blame it on a Jewish conspiracy to defame Islam or describe it as an overreaction to non-Muslim aggression.
He is also pre-empting the Islamists’ inevitable attack that he is an apostate by stating that Muslims are advancing Islam by having this discourse and turning away from violence. He takes away the argument from extremists that they are the model of a devout Muslim.
The next question is whether El-Sisi has the standing in Muslim opinion to be listened to. For now, the answer is yes. The Egyptian military that he leads has a 70% favorability rating, while the Muslim Brotherhood’s rating is at 34%. He is almost certain to run for president and, at this stage, is likely to win.
When the military toppled President Morsi and El-Sisi announced the suspension of the Islamist-written constitution, he was joined by the Grand Sheikh of Al-Azhar University, an institution that is basically the equivalent of the Vatican for Sunni Islam. To date, Al-Azhar has not broken with El-Sisi or condemned his remarks.
Other influential Egyptians may endorse El-Sisi’s view. In January 2011, former Egyptian Islamist Tawfik Hamid reported that 25 Islamic scholars, including teachers from Al-Azhar, said that ijtihadneeded to be resumed. The 10 points they listed for renewed examination included the separation of mosque and state, women’s rights, relations with non-Muslims and jihad.
Calls for reform and ijtihad can be heard beneath the visible surface of the Muslim world. In my own experience, I’ve heard many average Muslims endorse reformation but their views are not reflected in the national leadership.
Some of these reformist Muslims want to reopen the “gates” ofijtihad, while others say they never considered them closed to begin with. For example, Tunisian professor Dr. Muhamd El-Haddad,argues, “Daily life has evolved radically since the last millennium, but there has been no accompanying development in mainstream Muslim legal theory.”
Professor Ziauddin Sadar of London wrote in 2002 that that Islamic doctrine is “frozen in time” and there are three doctrinal pillars that need reform: “The elevation of the Shari’ah to the level of the Divine, with the consequent removal of agency from the believers, and the equation of Islam with the State.”
Those that argue that the “gates” were never closed include Malcolm Jardine, who wrote a thoroughly-researched essay on the topic. In 2006, the U.S.-based Nawawi Foundation published a study by Dr. Umar Faruq Abd-Allah with the premise that Islam “never had a doorkeeper to close it in the first place.”
General El-Sisi and the overall backlash against the Islamists may spark what the world needs most: An Islamic reformation. It is not enough to topple Islamists. Their ideological underpinning must be debated and defeated. The determinations of scholars from 800 years can no longer be treated as eternal truth, but for what they really are—opinions influenced by the times in which they were made.
Ryan Mauro is the ClarionProject.org’s
